Interfacial ensemble effect of copper nanoparticles and nickel metal-organic framework on promoting hydrogen generation

Ammonia borane is a promising chemical hydrogen storage material to the hydrogen economy in the future. However, efficient and inexpensive catalyst for realizing this process remains challenging. Herein, the interfaces of copper nanoparticles (NPs) and nickel metal-organic framework (MOF) with different Cu/Ni ratios (Cu@Ni_x-MOF) have been constructed by Cu NPs in situ growth in Ni-MOF via a facile one-step solvothermal method. The Cu@Ni_x-MOF composites show much higher catalytic activity than their monometal counterparts and the optimized Cu@Ni₆-MOF catalyst achieves a turnover frequency of 69.1 min^?1 for ammonia borane hydrolysis, superior to most reported Ni-based catalysts. Density functional theory simulation and in situ Raman spectroscopy analysis propose that this remarkable enhanced activity of Ni-based catalysts is induced by a synergetic effect of Cu–Ni²⁺ dual active sites at their interfaces. This study shows that the strategy of dual active sites hold great promise to achieve efficient non-noble metal catalysts toward heterogeneous catalysis.     

Research progress on chemical modification of silk fibroin and its applications北大核心CSCD

Mulberry silk is composed of the two major parts of two triangle-like silk fibroin fibers and sericin covering the fibers and a few lipids. After removing the sericin on the raw silk what is left is the silk fibroin fiber. Silk fibroin is the main part of silk accounting for about 75% of the total weight. Silk fibroin contains 18 natural amino acids such as glycine Gly alanine Ala serine Ser serine aspartic acid Asp and tyrosine Tyr . The secondary structure of silk fibroin has three main conformations α-helix β-fold and random coil. Under certain conditions the three conformations can transform into each other and change the mechanical properties of the silk fibroin material. Silk fibroin extracted from silk fiber is a natural polymer with biocompatibility and biodegradability. It can be further processed into different forms of materials nanoparticles films hydrogels sponges etc. It has been applied in many fields such as biomedicine and cosmetics. In order to meet the needs of different fields researchers have conducted further chemical modification treatment based on the original excellent properties of silk fibroin. Meanwhile the active groups on various amino acid residues in silk fibroin also provide chemical reaction sites for the chemical modification of silk fibroin. The chemical modification methods of silk fibroin mainly include amino acid residue modification macromolecular grafting modification and crosslinking reaction modification. Among them amino acid residue modification can modify protein amino acid residues by chemical reagents and some groups can be introduced into the side chains of silk fibroin macromolecules. Grafting modification of silk fibroin macromolecules is one of the main means to bind functional compounds to silk fibroin macromolecular chains. The properties of grafted silk fibroin are affected by the type and grafting rate of the grafts. The chemical crosslinking reaction modification of silk fibroin macromolecules is to make the macromolecular chains connected by covalent bonds and form a network structure by means of crosslinking agents enzymes or ultraviolet irradiation. The cross-linking reaction can not only form covalent bonds within and between the molecular chains of silk fibroin thus changing its structural properties and improving its stability but be used to form covalent bonds with other polymers. At present the chemical modification of silk fibroin is mainly applied in the fields of silk textiles biomedicine and environmental science. In the field of silk textiles graft copolymerization modification of vinyl and other monomers crosslinking agent modification and other methods are used to overcome the shortcomings of silk like being easy to wrinkle. The graft modified monomers mainly include ethylene methacrylate and methylacrylamide. The active groups on crosslinking agents such as polycarboxylic acid / anhydride and epoxide are covalently combined with carboxyl hydroxyl and amino groups on macromolecules of silk fibroin to improve the wrinkle resistance of silk fabrics. In the field of biomedicine silk fibroin materials with appropriate chemical modification have better biological activity drug delivery ability antimicrobial properties and mechanical properties. The optimization of these properties enables silk fibroin materials to show great potential in drug control delivery tissue regeneration and wound repair. The applied research in the field of environmental science mainly focuses on the adsorption separation and catalysis of impurities in water. Therefore the modification of amino acid residues grafting and cross-linking of protein macromolecules can change some important properties of silk fibroin and meet the requirements of various applications and functionalization of silk fibroin. In many fields of chemical modification and application of silk fibroin protein fruitful results have been achieved which has laid a good foundation for the further development of related fields and also shows that the chemical modification of silk fibroin material has great potential and application prospects. However there are still some problems that need to be overcome and further improved in the current chemical modification methods such as mild modification conditions and accurate adjustment of the degree of modification which will be the research direction of related fields in the future. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

MOF-derived multi-metal embedded N-doped carbon sheets rich in CNTs as efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable ZABs

The rational design and preparation of bifunctional electrocatalysts with pleasant oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance is crucial for extensive commercial applications of rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, we report a simple method to obtain multi-metal (Fe, Ni, Zn) embedded in N-doped carbon sheets entangled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as superior oxygen electrocatalysts (FeNi-NCS-2). The resultant FeNi-NCS-2 exhibits an impressive electrochemical performance, providing a reversible oxygen overpotential as low as 0.758 V. The ZAB with FeNi-NCS-2 as the air cathode shows a promising capacity of 639.71 mAh g^?1 at 20 mA cm^?2, a power density of 109.8 mW cm^?2 and cycling stability of over 130 cycles at 10 mA cm^?2 with an energy efficiency of about 55%, superior to the ZAB based on Pt/C–IrO₂. The satisfactory electrocatalytic performance is mainly due to the Fe, Ni-based nanoparticles protected by graphitic carbon layers, hierarchical porous lamellar structures that promote the accessibility between the active centers and the electrolyte as well as self-growing tangled carbon nanotubes that provide fast transmission channels. This study presents a facile way for the synthesis of highly efficient ORR/OER bifunctional electrocatalysts for high-performance rechargeable ZABs.     

去除水中黄药的试验研究

为给选矿废水中残余黄药的去除提供依据，分别采用自然曝晒法、漂白粉氧化法、酸化分解法、亚铁沉淀法、活性炭吸附法对配制的黄药水溶液进行了黄药降解试验，结果表明，以上诸方法均能较彻底地去除溶液中的黄药，使水中的黄原酸盐浓度达到国家排放标准。其中亚铁沉淀法、漂白粉氧化法药剂来源容易，价格便宜，工艺简单，效果好，较适合处理含黄药选矿废水。     

减力板式挡土墙的受力分析及应用

减力板式挡土墙结构设计的一次飞跃，论文阐述了其受力特点，结合实际工程论证了其优越性和可推广价值。     

泡沫除尘机理与泡沫药剂配方的要求

本文分析了泡沫的产生、泡沫除尘机理和表面活性的结构和性质，认为泡沫药剂配方中一般有起泡剂、湿润剂、稳定剂、增溶剂等助剂（表面活性剂），才能有效地降低粉尘，并通过实验确定了泡沫高度、表面张力和表面活性剂溶液浓度之间的变化关系，为研制泡沫药剂配方提供一定的理论和实验依据。     

国内油气悬架的研究方法、现状与发展

车辆的乘坐舒适性与车身的固有振动特性有关，而车身的固有振动特性又与悬架的特性密切相关。传统的悬架(钢板弹簧、螺旋弹簧等)刚度系数和阻尼系数都是常数，车辆的振动固有频率随着簧载质量的变化而变化，这样，车辆的乘坐舒适性随着乘客人数或载货质量的多少可能会变的恶劣。为了解决这个问题，一些新型悬架系统应时而生，油气悬架就是这些新型悬架系统之一。油气悬架系统产生于20世纪70年代，它以优越的非线性特性和减振性能满足了多种车辆的要求，使它们的平顺性和操作安全性得到了较大的提高。目前，外国在油气悬架的开发、设计、制造等方面都已经非常成熟，而国内对油气悬架的研究起步较晚，和国外还存在着很大差距，并且还有一些问题有待解决。     

非均质流速度分布与水力坡度的研究

进行了非均质流固体粒子加速过程中的清水与固体粒子的速度变化、动量传递、相关质量计算等基本分析。提出了水平管道内固体粒子处于悬移运动状态下预计非均质流速度断面与水力坡度的新方法和模型。     

变压器差动保护的新原理研究

针对当前电力系统中变压器保护由于励磁涌流鉴别理论不完善而导致的正确动作率不高的问题,在分析了变压器励磁涌流和有功损耗的基础上,提出了用变压器正序有功功率差动作为区别励磁涌流和故障电流的判据,并以成熟的比率制动差流保护作为内、外部故障判据的变压器主保护的新原理．该原理中的励磁涌流判据采用了变压器非线性模型,能更好地反映变压器的工作状态,且不受系统类型和运行方式的影响．